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- <text id=89TT0632>
- <title>
- Mar. 06, 1989: In Search Of A Good Name
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1989
- Mar. 06, 1989 The Tower Fiasco
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- NATION, Page 32
- In Search of a Good Name
- </hdr><body>
- <p>The debate over whether blacks should be called African
- Americans is about more than just a label
- </p>
- <p> According to the Bible, a good name is worth more than a
- precious ointment -- and choosing one can be just as sticky.
- Since December, when Jesse Jackson proposed that the group now
- called blacks (formerly known as Negroes, and prior to that as
- colored people) should adopt the designation African American,
- the idea has been catching on. In a recent poll conducted for
- TIME by Yankelovich Clancy Shulman, 61% preferred to be called
- black, vs. 26% who supported African American. (Though the
- survey was too small to be statistically valid, it indicated
- that the name change has made some headway.) The name has also
- found favor with soul-station disk jockeys and college
- students, who are quick to correct those who refer to the group
- by any other term. Politicians, prompt as ever to respond to
- popular opinion, have concocted their own variations. When he
- was elected chairman of the Democratic National Committee, Ron
- Brown referred to himself as an "American of African descent."
- </p>
- <p> For groups, as for individuals, taking a new name is a
- quintessential American act, a supreme gesture of self-creation
- in the land where Norma Jean Baker became Marilyn Monroe,
- homosexuals became gays, and Esso became Exxon. But for many
- blacks, the choice of a word by which others will know them has a
- special significance. During their centuries of bondage, slaves
- had names that were often chosen by their masters. Booker T.
- Washington wrote in his autobiography Up from Slavery that there
- was one point on which former slaves were generally agreed:
- "that they must change their names." This process of shucking
- off so-called slave names, commonly in favor of names with an
- African or Islamic flavor, persists. Malcolm Little became
- Malcolm X and then Malik al-Shabazz. Cassius Clay transformed
- himself into Muhammad Ali. Lew Alcindor became Kareem
- Abdul-Jabbar. Civil rights activist Stokely Carmichael changed
- his name to Kwame Ture. The writer LeRoi Jones converted to
- Amiri Baraka.
- </p>
- <p> Similarly, for more than a century the descendants of the
- freedmen have debated what name they should bear as a people. In
- every instance, a shift in appellation coincided with a new
- stage in the struggle for equality. In the years after the
- Civil War, the terms black and negro, favored by slaveholders
- gave way to the gentler designation colored. Early in this
- century, when the legal battle against Jim Crow laws was being
- pressed by the N.A.A.C.P., Negro returned, but with a respectful
- uppercase N. That gave way to black during the militant days of
- sit-ins and mass demonstrations during the 1960s. Blunt, proud
- and unequivocal, black embodied the sheer racial confidence that
- the civil rights movement had engendered.
- </p>
- <p> Now, with a growing black middle class, the enormous
- expansion of political power epitomized by Jackson's
- presidential campaigns, and a burgeoning sympathy with the
- struggle against South African apartheid, yet another shift may
- be taking place. Jackson argues that "black tells you about
- skin color and what side of town you live on. African American
- evokes a discussion of the world." It was Ramona H. Edelin,
- president of the National Urban Coalition, who actually proposed
- the switch in December at a Chicago meeting of black leaders,
- including Jackson, that was held to plan a summit to set a
- black agenda for the next century. Edelin says she hoped that
- encouraging the use of African American "would establish a
- cultural context for the new agenda we plan to set" at the
- summit, scheduled for April in New Orleans.
- </p>
- <p> As persuasive as the arguments in favor of a change may be,
- to some they represent a diversion from more important matters.
- "This undue concern with our name is a reflection of our
- powerlessness," says Cornell University professor Henry Louis
- Gates Jr., a leading literary theorist. "I don't really care
- what we call ourselves. I just want us to get economic and
- social equality."
- </p>
- <p> Others contend that African American comes no closer to
- capturing a unique heritage than the word it would replace. S.
- Allen Counter, a Harvard University professor of neurology, has
- coined the term Afrindeur Americans to reflect the mingling of
- African, Indian and European bloodlines. "Historical, biological
- and cultural integrity is what's in a name," says Counter. "We
- must be true to all of those." In Los Angeles entertainer John
- KaSondra has embarked on his own crusade in favor of "Dobanians"
- -- short for descendants of black African natives in the
- American North.
- </p>
- <p> The verdict on a new group designation will ultimately be
- delivered by common usage. But KaSondra's concoction is an idea
- whose time will probably never come. Just think of it: The
- National Association for the Advancement of Dobanians?
- </p>
-
- </body></article>
- </text>
-
-